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This is an extensive list of physical properties of matter. These are characteristics that you can observe and measure without altering a sample. Unlike chemical properties, you do not need to change the nature of a substance to measure any physical property it might have.
You may find this alphabetical list to be especially useful if you need to cite examples of physical properties.
A-C
- Absorption
- Albedo
- Area
- Brittleness
- Boiling point
- Capacitance
- Color
- Concentration
D-F
- Density
- Dielectric constant
- Ductility
- Distribution
- Efficacy
- Electric charge
- Electrical conductivity
- electrical impedance
- Electrical resistivity
- Electric field
- Electric potential
- Emission
- Flexibility
- Flow rate
- Fluidity
- Frequency
I-M
- Inductance
- Intrinsic impedance
- Intensity
- Irradiance
- Length
- Location
- Luminance
- Luster
- Malleability
- Magnetic field
- Magnetic flux
- Mass
- Melting point
- Moment
- Momentum
P-W
- Permeability
- Permittivity
- Pressure
- Radiance
- Resistivity
- Reflectivity
- Solubility
- Specific heat
- Spin
- Strength
- Temperature
- Tension
- Thermal conductivity
- Velocity
- Viscosity
- Volume
- Wave impedance
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
Chemical and physical properties are related to chemical and physical changes. A physical change only alters the shape or appearance of a sample and not its chemical identity. A chemical change is a chemical reaction, which rearranges a sample on a molecular level.
Chemical properties encompass those characteristics of matter that can only be observed by changing the chemical identity of a sample, which is to say by examining its behavior in a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability (observed from combustion), reactivity (measured by readiness to participate in a reaction), and toxicity (demonstrated by exposing an organism to a chemical).
